Contenido
Listas y Ciclos¶
Listas¶
Tipos de estructuras de datos¶
La listas son utilizadas para almacenar multiples elementos en una sola variables.
En general en Python tenemos tres tipos de estructura de datos pre-construidas para almacenar los datos, cada una con su caracteristicas propias:
Tuple: colección ordenable pero los elementos son inmutables. Se permiten duplicados
Set: colección no ordenada y sin índice. No permite duplicados
Dictionary: colección no ordeda y mutable. No admite duplicados
List: colección que es ordenable y mutable. Admite elementos duplicados
Para inicializar una lista es suficiente asignar a una variable una lista vacía por medio de dos brackets:
a= []
type(a)
list
Caracteristica elementos de una lista¶
Los elementos de una lista son:
Ordenados: significa que una vez asignados a una lista los elementos tendrán un roden definido. Podemos acceder a ellos por medio de un indíce. En el momento que añadimos un elemento será colocado al final de la lista.
Mutables: podemos añadir, quitar o cambiar elementos después que la lista haya ya sido creada.
Admisibles de duplicados: dado que la lista es indicizada podemos tener elementos iguales
Ahora bien en una lista podemos poner distintos tipos de datos
lista= [ "ciao", False, 4 , 4.2]
print(lista)
['ciao', False, 4, 4.2]
lista[2]
4
type(lista[1])
bool
type(lista[4])
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
IndexError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-5-fd8333c1a448> in <module>
----> 1 type(lista[4])
IndexError: list index out of range
Podemos de igual forma crear una lista con el constructore list():
lista2=list(("Paullo", "5", 94))
type(lista2[1])
str
Para obtener el numero de elementos presentes en una lista ocupamos el comando len()
len(lista2)
3
Metodos para listas¶
Metodo |
Descripción |
---|---|
append() |
añade un elemento a la lista |
clear() |
|
copy() |
|
count() |
|
extend() |
|
index() |
|
insert() |
|
pop() |
|
remove() |
|
reverse() |
|
sort() |
lm=[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]
lm
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]
lm.append("Pieve Emanuele", "ciao","ciao")
lm
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TypeError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-30-c44897f33367> in <module>
----> 1 lm.append("Pieve Emanuele", "ciao","ciao")
2 lm
TypeError: append() takes exactly one argument (3 given)
lm2=lm.copy()*2
lm.clear()
print(lm2)
lm
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]
[]
lm2.count(5)
2
l2 = [1, 2, 3]
l2.append([4, 5])
print (l2)
l3 = [1, 2, 3]
l3.extend([4, 5])
print (l3)
print(l2[3])
print(l3[3])
[1, 2, 3, [4, 5]]
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
[4, 5]
4
l2.pop(3)
l2
[1, 2, 3]
l3.extend([6,6])
print(l3)
l3.remove(6)
l3
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6]
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6]
l3.reverse()
print(l3)
l3.sort()
l3
[6, 6, 6, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1]
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6]
Ciclos¶
For¶
Ciclo for
Un ciclo for es usado para iterare con respecto a una secuencia. Puede ser una lista, una tupla, un diccionario, un set o una cadena/string
Es diferente a los for de otros lenguajes de prgramación. Se parece más a un metodo iterador que podemos encontrar en otros lenguajes de porgramación orientados a objectos.
Con el for podemos ejecutar un comando o una acción para cada elemento de una lista, set, diccionario, lista and so on.
for x in l3:
print(x)
1
2
3
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
Podemos iterar también através de una cadena:
saludar="Ciao Mamma"
for x in saludar:
print(x)
C
i
a
o
M
a
m
m
a
Con el comando break podemos salir del for antes de iterare todos los objetos
for x in saludar:
print(x)
if x== "m":
break
C
i
a
o
M
a
m
Con el comando continue podemos parar la iteracción en curso del for y seguir con la siguiente
for x in saludar:
print(x)
if x== "m":
continue
C
i
a
o
M
a
a
Si queremos repetir un mismo codigo un determinado numero de veces podemos utilizar la función range. La función range nos retorna una secuencia de numeros iniciando del \(0\) y cada vez aumentandolo de \(1\)
for x in range(10):
print(x)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
for x in range(2,10,2):
print(x)
2
4
6
8
Podemos utilizar un else en el ciclo for
for x in l3:
print(x)
else:
print("Salida")
1
2
3
4
5
5
5
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6
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6
Salida
for x in l3:
if x == 5: break
print(x)
else:
print("Salida")
1
2
3
4
Podemos anida varios for:
pal=["Abbiamo", "quasi", "finito"]
for x in range(3):
print(x)
for k in pal:
print(k)
0
Abbiamo
quasi
finito
1
Abbiamo
quasi
finito
2
Abbiamo
quasi
finito
En caso que queramos hacer un for vacío es necesario inserir un pass para no tener error
for x in range(5):
pass
n=5;
for i in range(n):
for j in range(i):
print ('* ', end="")
print('')
for i in range(n,0,-1):
for j in range(i):
print('* ', end="")
print('')
While¶
El segundo tipo de ciclos que tenemos es el while. En este caso el codigo en le while se ejecutará hasta que una condición dada sea verdadera
i = 1
while i < 6:
print(i)
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------
KeyboardInterrupt Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-77-fc66fa465c41> in <module>
1 i = 1
2 while i < 6:
----> 3 print(i)
C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\ipykernel\iostream.py in write(self, string)
402 is_child = (not self._is_master_process())
403 # only touch the buffer in the IO thread to avoid races
--> 404 self.pub_thread.schedule(lambda : self._buffer.write(string))
405 if is_child:
406 # mp.Pool cannot be trusted to flush promptly (or ever),
C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\ipykernel\iostream.py in schedule(self, f)
203 self._events.append(f)
204 # wake event thread (message content is ignored)
--> 205 self._event_pipe.send(b'')
206 else:
207 f()
C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\zmq\sugar\socket.py in send(self, data, flags, copy, track, routing_id, group)
414 copy_threshold=self.copy_threshold)
415 data.group = group
--> 416 return super(Socket, self).send(data, flags=flags, copy=copy, track=track)
417
418 def send_multipart(self, msg_parts, flags=0, copy=True, track=False, **kwargs):
zmq/backend/cython/socket.pyx in zmq.backend.cython.socket.Socket.send()
zmq/backend/cython/socket.pyx in zmq.backend.cython.socket.Socket.send()
zmq/backend/cython/socket.pyx in zmq.backend.cython.socket._send_copy()
C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\zmq\backend\cython\checkrc.pxd in zmq.backend.cython.checkrc._check_rc()
KeyboardInterrupt:
i = 1
while i < 6:
print(i)
if i == 3:
break
i += 1
1
2
3
import re
p= input("Input your password")
x = True
while x:
if (len(p)<6 or len(p)>12):
break
elif not re.search("[a-z]",p):
break
elif not re.search("[0-9]",p):
break
elif not re.search("[A-Z]",p):
break
elif not re.search("[$#@]",p):
break
elif re.search("\s",p):
break
else:
print("Valid Password")
x=False
break
if x:
print("Not a Valid Password")
Input your passwordCiao
Not a Valid Password
Podemo meter la condición if toda en una linea:
num2=float(input("Inserir un numero: "))
'Par' if num2%2 == 0 else 'Impar'
Inserir un numero: 20
'Par'
i = 1
while i < 6:
print(i)
print('ciao') if i == 3 else 3
i += 1
1
2
3
ciao
4
5
Los for no tienen una sitnxis compacta tendriamos que adaptar la función next
elem=[1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]
res=next((x for x in elem if x%2==0), None)
res
4
The provided code stub reads two integers from STDIN, and . Add code to print three lines where:
The first line contains the sum of the two numbers.
The second line contains the difference of the two numbers (first - second).
The third line contains the product of the two numbers.
a = int(input())
b = int(input())
print(a+b)
print(a-b)
print(a*b)
2
3
5
-1
6
The provided code stub reads two integers, and , from STDIN.
Add logic to print two lines. The first line should contain the result of integer division, // . The second line should contain the result of float division, \(a/b\) .
a = int(input())
b = int(input())
print(a//b)
print(a/b)
2
3
0
0.6666666666666666
Given an integer, , perform the following conditional actions:
If \(n\) is odd, print Weird
If \(n\) is even and in the inclusive range of to , print Not Weird
If \(n\) is even and in the inclusive range of to , print Weird
If \(n\) is even and greater than , print Not Weird
n = int(input().strip())
if(n%2!=0):
print("Weird")
else:
if(n>= 2 and n<=5 ):
print("Not Weird")
elif(n>=6 and n<=20):
print("Weird")
else:
print("Not Weird")
22
Not Weird
You are given a string and your task is to swap cases. In other words, convert all lowercase letters to uppercase letters and vice versa.
Example: Pythonist 2 → pYTHONIST 2
def swap_case(s):
st=str()
for i in s:
if(i.isupper()):
st=st + i.lower()
else:
st= st +i.upper()
return st
swap_case("Pythonist 2")
'pYTHONIST 2'