Contenido
Ciclos¶
For¶
Un ciclo for es usado para iterare con respecto a una secuencia. Puede ser una lista, una tupla, un diccionario, un set o una cadena/string
Con el for podemos ejecutar un comando o una acción para cada elemento de una lista, set, diccionario, lista and so on.
for x in l3: print(x)
Podemos iterar también através de una cadena:
saludar="Ciao Mamma"
for x in saludar:
print(x)
C
i
a
o
M
a
m
m
a
Con el comando break podemos salir del for antes de iterare todos los objetos
for x in saludar:
print(x)
if x== "m":
break
C
i
a
o
M
a
m
Con el comando continue podemos parar la iteracción en curso del for y seguir con la siguiente
Ciao Mamma
for x in saludar:
if x== "m":
continue
print(x)
File "<ipython-input-3-9f13097c85e8>", line 1
Ciao Mamma
^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
Si queremos repetir un mismo codigo un determinado numero de veces podemos utilizar la función range. La función range nos retorna una secuencia de numeros iniciando del \(0\) y cada vez aumentandolo de \(1\)
for x in range(10):
print(x)
0
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for x in range(2,10,2):
print(x)
2
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6
8
Podemos utilizar el range al contrario, ósea del numero más grande al más pequeño
for i in range(10, 0, -1): # countdown...
print(i)
print('Feliz año nuevo!')
10
9
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2
1
Feliz año nuevo!
Podemos utilizar un else en el ciclo for
for x in l3:
print(x)
else:
print("Salida")
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Salida
for x in l3:
if x == 5: break
print(x)
else:
print("Salida")
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4
Podemos anida varios for:
pal=["Manzana", "Libro", "Hola"]
for x in range(3):
print(x)
for k in pal:
print(k)
0
Abbiamo
quasi
finito
1
Abbiamo
quasi
finito
2
Abbiamo
quasi
finito
En caso que queramos hacer un for vacío es necesario inserir un pass para no tener error
for x in range(5):
pass
n=5;
for i in range(n):
for j in range(i):
print ('* ', end="")
print('')
for i in range(n,0,-1):
for j in range(i):
print('* ', end="")
print('')
number_of_terms = 5
start = 3
sum = 0
for i in range(0, number_of_terms):
print(start, end=" ")
sum += start
start = (start * 10) + 3
print("\nLa suma de la serie es:", sum)
3 33 333 3333 33333
La suma de la serie es: 37035
def numberList(items):
for item in items:
number = 1
print(number, item)
number = number + 1
numberList(["hola", "mundo", "prueba"])
i+=1
i=i+1
1 hola
1 mundo
1 prueba
def product(nums):
for n in nums:
prod = 1
prod = prod*n
return prod
product([4,5,6])
6
score = {"a": 1, "c": 3, "b": 3, "e": 1, "d": 2, "g": 2,"f": 4, "i": 1, "h": 4, "k": 5, "j": 8, "m": 3,"l": 1, "o": 1, "n": 1, "q": 10, "p": 3, "s": 1,"r": 1, "u": 1, "t": 1, "w": 4, "v": 4, "y": 4,"x": 8, "z": 10}
def scrabble_score(word):
word=word.lower()
total1=0
for let in word:
total1=score[let]+ total1
return total1
x=scrabble_score("CA")
print(x)
4
While¶
El segundo tipo de ciclos que tenemos es el while. En este caso el codigo en le while se ejecutará hasta que una condición dada sea verdadera
i = 1
while i < 6:
print(i)
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------
KeyboardInterrupt Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-77-fc66fa465c41> in <module>
1 i = 1
2 while i < 6:
----> 3 print(i)
C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\ipykernel\iostream.py in write(self, string)
402 is_child = (not self._is_master_process())
403 # only touch the buffer in the IO thread to avoid races
--> 404 self.pub_thread.schedule(lambda : self._buffer.write(string))
405 if is_child:
406 # mp.Pool cannot be trusted to flush promptly (or ever),
C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\ipykernel\iostream.py in schedule(self, f)
203 self._events.append(f)
204 # wake event thread (message content is ignored)
--> 205 self._event_pipe.send(b'')
206 else:
207 f()
C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\zmq\sugar\socket.py in send(self, data, flags, copy, track, routing_id, group)
414 copy_threshold=self.copy_threshold)
415 data.group = group
--> 416 return super(Socket, self).send(data, flags=flags, copy=copy, track=track)
417
418 def send_multipart(self, msg_parts, flags=0, copy=True, track=False, **kwargs):
zmq/backend/cython/socket.pyx in zmq.backend.cython.socket.Socket.send()
zmq/backend/cython/socket.pyx in zmq.backend.cython.socket.Socket.send()
zmq/backend/cython/socket.pyx in zmq.backend.cython.socket._send_copy()
C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\zmq\backend\cython\checkrc.pxd in zmq.backend.cython.checkrc._check_rc()
KeyboardInterrupt:
i = 1
while i < 6:
print(i)
if i == 3:
break
i += 1
1
2
3
grados = 115
while grados > 112: # first while loop code
print(grados)
grados = grados - 1
print('Ahora es frio')
115
114
113
Ahora es frio
El ciclo procede hasta que la condición resultoó falsa.
Por lo tanto la impostación que tendríamos que seguir es la siguiente.
inicialización while + condición: acciones que deben ser repetidas preparar las variables para el siguiente loop modificar la variable de la condición
i = 4
while (i < 9):
i = i+2
print(i)
6
8
10
Loop Interactivo¶
Podemos hacer loop interactivos:
lines = list()
n = int(input('Cuantas lineas quieres ingrasar? '))
for i in range(n):
line = input('Linea: ')
lines.append(line)
print('Tus lineas son:') # check now
for line in lines:
print(line)
How many lines do you want to enter? 2
Next line: ciao
Next line: piano andiamo a casa
Your lines were:
ciao
piano andiamo a casa
lines = list()
testAnswer = input('Oprimir y si quieres introducir más lineas: ')
while testAnswer == 'y':
line = input('Linea: ')
lines.append(line)
testAnswer = input('Oprimir y si quieres introducir más lineas: ')
print('Tus lineas fueron:')
for line in lines:
print(line)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
KeyboardInterrupt Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-25-2cc6f83f1f6f> in <module>
1 lines = list()
----> 2 testAnswer = input('Oprimir y si quieres introducir más lineas: ')
3 while testAnswer == 'y':
4 line = input('Linea: ')
5 lines.append(line)
C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\ipykernel\kernelbase.py in raw_input(self, prompt)
861 self._parent_ident,
862 self._parent_header,
--> 863 password=False,
864 )
865
C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\ipykernel\kernelbase.py in _input_request(self, prompt, ident, parent, password)
902 except KeyboardInterrupt:
903 # re-raise KeyboardInterrupt, to truncate traceback
--> 904 raise KeyboardInterrupt("Interrupted by user") from None
905 except Exception as e:
906 self.log.warning("Invalid Message:", exc_info=True)
KeyboardInterrupt: Interrupted by user
Los datos deben ser inicializados antes del loop para que funcione el test sobre la condición. El test de igual forma debe funcionar en el momento que el loop se repite. Por lo tanto tenemos que «preparar» los datos antes de acabar el ciclo.
lines = list()
print('Ingresa una linea de codigo')
print('Enter an empty line to quit.')
line = input('Proxima linea: ')
while line != '':
lines.append(line)
line = input('Proxima linea: ')
print('Tus linea: ')
for line in lines:
print(line)
Enter lines of text.
Enter an empty line to quit.
Next line: vcio
Next line: cia
Next line: cia
Next line: cia
Next line: cia
Next line: cia
Next line: cia
Next line:
Your lines were:
vcio
cia
cia
cia
cia
cia
cia
Siempre es mejor controlar dos vecves para averiguar que esta pasando a nuestra variable «de estado» al final del loop
Podemos tener distintas estructuras del loop, lo relevante es:
pensar si hay alguna repetición en la operación que queremos hacer
pensar en la condición que implica la continuación de la repetición del ciclo
el resultado o la acción que queremos en cada ciclo
pensar en el codigo suplementar necesario para luego estar listo par3a el siguiente ciclo
from random import randint
random_number = randint(1, 10)
guesses_left = 3
while guesses_left>0:
guess=input("Cual es el numero :")
if guess==random_number:
print ("Ganaste")
break
guesses_left-=1
else:
print ("Perdiste")
ciao
Cual es el numero :9
Cual es el numero :6
Cual es el numero :4
Perdiste
import re
p= input("Input your password")
x = True
while x:
if (len(p)<6 or len(p)>12):
break
elif not re.search("[a-z]",p):
break
elif not re.search("[0-9]",p):
break
elif not re.search("[A-Z]",p):
break
elif not re.search("[$#@]",p):
break
elif re.search("\s",p):
break
else:
print("Valid Password")
x=False
break
if x:
print("Not a Valid Password")
Input your passwordCiao
Not a Valid Password
Podemo meter la condición if toda en una linea:
num2=float(input("Inserir un numero: "))
'Par' if num2%2 == 0 else 'Impar'
Inserir un numero: 20
'Par'
i = 1
while i < 6:
print(i)
print('ciao') if i == 3 else 3
i += 1
1
2
3
ciao
4
5
Los for no tienen una sitnxis compacta tendriamos que adaptar la función next
elem=[1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]
res=next((x for x in elem if x%2==0), None)
res
4
Challenges primera tarea¶
The provided code stub reads two integers from STDIN, and . Add code to print three lines where:
The first line contains the sum of the two numbers.
The second line contains the difference of the two numbers (first - second).
The third line contains the product of the two numbers.
a = int(input())
b = int(input())
print(a+b)
print(a-b)
print(a*b)
2
3
5
-1
6
The provided code stub reads two integers, and , from STDIN.
Add logic to print two lines. The first line should contain the result of integer division, // . The second line should contain the result of float division, \(a/b\) .
a = int(input())
b = int(input())
print(a//b)
print(a/b)
2
3
0
0.6666666666666666
Given an integer, , perform the following conditional actions:
If \(n\) is odd, print Weird
If \(n\) is even and in the inclusive range of to , print Not Weird
If \(n\) is even and in the inclusive range of to , print Weird
If \(n\) is even and greater than , print Not Weird
n = int(input().strip())
if(n%2!=0):
print("Weird")
else:
if(n>= 2 and n<=5 ):
print("Not Weird")
elif(n>=6 and n<=20):
print("Weird")
else:
print("Not Weird")
22
Not Weird
You are given a string and your task is to swap cases. In other words, convert all lowercase letters to uppercase letters and vice versa.
Example: Pythonist 2 → pYTHONIST 2
def swap_case(s):
st=str()
for i in s:
if(i.isupper()):
st=st + i.lower()
else:
st= st +i.upper()
return st
swap_case("Pythonist 2")
'pYTHONIST 2'