Ciclos

For

Un ciclo for es usado para iterare con respecto a una secuencia. Puede ser una lista, una tupla, un diccionario, un set o una cadena/string

Con el for podemos ejecutar un comando o una acción para cada elemento de una lista, set, diccionario, lista and so on.

for x in l3: print(x)

Podemos iterar también através de una cadena:

saludar="Ciao Mamma"
for x in saludar:
    print(x)
C
i
a
o
 
M
a
m
m
a

Con el comando break podemos salir del for antes de iterare todos los objetos

for x in saludar:
    print(x)
    if x== "m":
        break
C
i
a
o
 
M
a
m

Con el comando continue podemos parar la iteracción en curso del for y seguir con la siguiente

Ciao Mamma

for x in saludar:
    if x== "m":
        continue
    print(x)
    
  File "<ipython-input-3-9f13097c85e8>", line 1
    Ciao Mamma
         ^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax

Si queremos repetir un mismo codigo un determinado numero de veces podemos utilizar la función range. La función range nos retorna una secuencia de numeros iniciando del \(0\) y cada vez aumentandolo de \(1\)

for x in range(10):
  print(x)
0
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9
for x in range(2,10,2):
    print(x)
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8
Podemos utilizar el range al contrario, ósea del numero más grande al más pequeño
for i in range(10, 0, -1):  # countdown...
    print(i)
print('Feliz año nuevo!')
10
9
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3
2
1
Feliz año nuevo!

Podemos utilizar un else en el ciclo for

for x in l3:
  print(x)
else:
  print("Salida")
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Salida
for x in l3:
  if x == 5: break
  print(x)
else:
  print("Salida")
1
2
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4

Podemos anida varios for:

pal=["Manzana", "Libro", "Hola"]
for x in range(3):
    print(x)
    for k in pal:
        print(k)
0
Abbiamo
quasi
finito
1
Abbiamo
quasi
finito
2
Abbiamo
quasi
finito

En caso que queramos hacer un for vacío es necesario inserir un pass para no tener error

for x in range(5):
    pass
n=5;
for i in range(n):
    for j in range(i):
        print ('* ', end="")
    print('')

for i in range(n,0,-1):
    for j in range(i):
        print('* ', end="")
    print('')
number_of_terms = 5
start = 3
sum = 0
for i in range(0, number_of_terms):
    print(start, end=" ")
    sum += start
    start = (start * 10) + 3
print("\nLa suma de la serie es:", sum)
3 33 333 3333 33333 
La suma de la serie es: 37035
def numberList(items):
    for item in items:
        number = 1
        print(number, item)
        number = number + 1
        
numberList(["hola", "mundo", "prueba"])



i+=1
i=i+1
1 hola
1 mundo
1 prueba
def product(nums):          
    for n in nums: 
        prod = 1  
        prod = prod*n   
    return prod 

product([4,5,6])
6
score = {"a": 1, "c": 3, "b": 3, "e": 1, "d": 2, "g": 2,"f": 4, "i": 1, "h": 4, "k": 5, "j": 8, "m": 3,"l": 1, "o": 1, "n": 1, "q": 10, "p": 3, "s": 1,"r": 1, "u": 1, "t": 1, "w": 4, "v": 4, "y": 4,"x": 8, "z": 10}

def scrabble_score(word):
    word=word.lower()
    total1=0
    for let in word:
        total1=score[let]+ total1
    return total1

x=scrabble_score("CA")
print(x)
4

While

El segundo tipo de ciclos que tenemos es el while. En este caso el codigo en le while se ejecutará hasta que una condición dada sea verdadera

i = 1
while i < 6:
  print(i)
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------
KeyboardInterrupt                         Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-77-fc66fa465c41> in <module>
      1 i = 1
      2 while i < 6:
----> 3   print(i)

C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\ipykernel\iostream.py in write(self, string)
    402             is_child = (not self._is_master_process())
    403             # only touch the buffer in the IO thread to avoid races
--> 404             self.pub_thread.schedule(lambda : self._buffer.write(string))
    405             if is_child:
    406                 # mp.Pool cannot be trusted to flush promptly (or ever),

C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\ipykernel\iostream.py in schedule(self, f)
    203             self._events.append(f)
    204             # wake event thread (message content is ignored)
--> 205             self._event_pipe.send(b'')
    206         else:
    207             f()

C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\zmq\sugar\socket.py in send(self, data, flags, copy, track, routing_id, group)
    414                                  copy_threshold=self.copy_threshold)
    415             data.group = group
--> 416         return super(Socket, self).send(data, flags=flags, copy=copy, track=track)
    417 
    418     def send_multipart(self, msg_parts, flags=0, copy=True, track=False, **kwargs):

zmq/backend/cython/socket.pyx in zmq.backend.cython.socket.Socket.send()

zmq/backend/cython/socket.pyx in zmq.backend.cython.socket.Socket.send()

zmq/backend/cython/socket.pyx in zmq.backend.cython.socket._send_copy()

C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\zmq\backend\cython\checkrc.pxd in zmq.backend.cython.checkrc._check_rc()

KeyboardInterrupt: 
i = 1
while i < 6:
  print(i)
  if i == 3:
    break
  i += 1
1
2
3
grados = 115  
while grados > 112: # first while loop code
    print(grados)
    grados = grados - 1

print('Ahora es frio')
115
114
113
Ahora es frio

El ciclo procede hasta que la condición resultoó falsa.

Por lo tanto la impostación que tendríamos que seguir es la siguiente.

inicialización while + condición: acciones que deben ser repetidas preparar las variables para el siguiente loop modificar la variable de la condición

i = 4 
while (i < 9):
    i = i+2
    print(i)
6
8
10

Loop Interactivo

Podemos hacer loop interactivos:

lines = list() 
n = int(input('Cuantas lineas quieres ingrasar? ')) 
for i in range(n): 
    line = input('Linea: ') 
    lines.append(line) 
 
print('Tus lineas son:')  # check now 
for line in lines: 
    print(line) 
How many lines do you want to enter? 2
Next line: ciao
Next line: piano andiamo a casa
Your lines were:
ciao
piano andiamo a casa
lines = list()
testAnswer = input('Oprimir y si quieres introducir más lineas: ')
while testAnswer == 'y':
    line = input('Linea: ')
    lines.append(line)
    testAnswer = input('Oprimir y si quieres introducir más lineas: ')

print('Tus lineas fueron:')
for line in lines:
    print(line)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
KeyboardInterrupt                         Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-25-2cc6f83f1f6f> in <module>
      1 lines = list()
----> 2 testAnswer = input('Oprimir y si quieres introducir más lineas: ')
      3 while testAnswer == 'y':
      4     line = input('Linea: ')
      5     lines.append(line)

C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\ipykernel\kernelbase.py in raw_input(self, prompt)
    861             self._parent_ident,
    862             self._parent_header,
--> 863             password=False,
    864         )
    865 

C:\ProgramData\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\ipykernel\kernelbase.py in _input_request(self, prompt, ident, parent, password)
    902             except KeyboardInterrupt:
    903                 # re-raise KeyboardInterrupt, to truncate traceback
--> 904                 raise KeyboardInterrupt("Interrupted by user") from None
    905             except Exception as e:
    906                 self.log.warning("Invalid Message:", exc_info=True)

KeyboardInterrupt: Interrupted by user

Los datos deben ser inicializados antes del loop para que funcione el test sobre la condición. El test de igual forma debe funcionar en el momento que el loop se repite. Por lo tanto tenemos que «preparar» los datos antes de acabar el ciclo.

lines = list()
print('Ingresa una linea de codigo')
print('Enter an empty line to quit.')

line = input('Proxima linea: ') 
while line != '':           
    lines.append(line)
    line = input('Proxima linea: ')  

print('Tus linea: ')
for line in lines:
    print(line)
Enter lines of text.
Enter an empty line to quit.
Next line: vcio
Next line: cia
Next line: cia
Next line: cia
Next line: cia
Next line: cia
Next line: cia
Next line: 
Your lines were:
vcio
cia
cia
cia
cia
cia
cia

Siempre es mejor controlar dos vecves para averiguar que esta pasando a nuestra variable «de estado» al final del loop

Podemos tener distintas estructuras del loop, lo relevante es:

  • pensar si hay alguna repetición en la operación que queremos hacer

  • pensar en la condición que implica la continuación de la repetición del ciclo

  • el resultado o la acción que queremos en cada ciclo

  • pensar en el codigo suplementar necesario para luego estar listo par3a el siguiente ciclo

from random import randint

random_number = randint(1, 10)
guesses_left = 3

while guesses_left>0:
    guess=input("Cual es el numero :")
    
    if guess==random_number:
        print ("Ganaste")
        break
    guesses_left-=1
else:
    print ("Perdiste")
ciao
Cual es el numero :9
Cual es el numero :6
Cual es el numero :4
Perdiste
import re
p= input("Input your password")
x = True
while x:  
    if (len(p)<6 or len(p)>12):
        break
    elif not re.search("[a-z]",p):
        break
    elif not re.search("[0-9]",p):
        break
    elif not re.search("[A-Z]",p):
        break
    elif not re.search("[$#@]",p):
        break
    elif re.search("\s",p):
        break
    else:
        print("Valid Password")
        x=False
        break

if x:
    print("Not a Valid Password")
Input your passwordCiao
Not a Valid Password

Podemo meter la condición if toda en una linea:

num2=float(input("Inserir un numero: "))
'Par' if num2%2 == 0 else 'Impar'
Inserir un numero: 20
'Par'
i = 1
while i < 6:
  print(i)
  print('ciao') if i == 3 else 3
  i += 1
1
2
3
ciao
4
5

Los for no tienen una sitnxis compacta tendriamos que adaptar la función next

elem=[1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]
res=next((x for x in elem if x%2==0), None)
res
4

Challenges primera tarea

The provided code stub reads two integers from STDIN, and . Add code to print three lines where:

  1. The first line contains the sum of the two numbers.

  2. The second line contains the difference of the two numbers (first - second).

  3. The third line contains the product of the two numbers.

a = int(input())
b = int(input())
print(a+b)
print(a-b)
print(a*b)
2
3
5
-1
6

The provided code stub reads two integers, and , from STDIN.

Add logic to print two lines. The first line should contain the result of integer division, // . The second line should contain the result of float division, \(a/b\) .

a = int(input())
b = int(input())
print(a//b)
print(a/b)
2
3
0
0.6666666666666666

Given an integer, , perform the following conditional actions:

  • If \(n\) is odd, print Weird

  • If \(n\) is even and in the inclusive range of to , print Not Weird

  • If \(n\) is even and in the inclusive range of to , print Weird

  • If \(n\) is even and greater than , print Not Weird

n = int(input().strip())
if(n%2!=0):
    print("Weird")
else:
    if(n>= 2 and n<=5 ):
        print("Not Weird")
    elif(n>=6 and n<=20):
            print("Weird")
    else:
        print("Not Weird")
22
Not Weird

You are given a string and your task is to swap cases. In other words, convert all lowercase letters to uppercase letters and vice versa.

Example: Pythonist 2 → pYTHONIST 2

def swap_case(s):
    st=str()
    for i in s:
        if(i.isupper()):
            st=st + i.lower()
        else:
            st= st +i.upper()
    return st
swap_case("Pythonist 2")
'pYTHONIST 2'